CHAPTER 1: Introduction: The Citizen and Government

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to
a.	the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. 	
b.	World War II.	
c.	the stock market crash of 1929, the Great Depression, and the run on banks of 1933.	
d.	the stock market boom of 1929 and the economic expansion of the “Roaring Twenties.”	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Remembering

	2.	Overall, Americans’ trust in their government has ________ since the 1960s.
a.	remained stable	c.	declined sharply	
b.	increased sharply	d.	completely dissolved	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Remembering

	3.	Today, the federal government is
a.	nonexistent in the lives of most Americans.	
b.	a small institution that creates a small number of programs affecting relatively few Americans.	
c.	an enormous institution that creates a large number of programs affecting virtually all Americans.	
d.	an enormous institution that creates a small number of programs affecting relatively few Americans.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Understanding

	4.	What do Americans expect from the government? Which of the following is a service or a program people expect the government to provide?
a.	national security	c.	a safe food supply	
b.	primary education	d.	all of these are correct	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Applying

	5.	The federal government
a.	is not allowed to directly employ any Americans.	
b.	employs a very small number of Americans.	
c.	is the nation’s fifth-largest employer.	
d.	is the nation’s largest employer.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Remembering

	6.	Which of the following is an accurate statement about the consequences of declining trust in government?
a.	Distrust makes people more willing to pay the taxes necessary for public activities.	
b.	Distrust makes it difficult for government to attract talented and effective workers to public service.	
c.	Distrust makes it easier for the government to help people in times of crisis.	
d.	Distrust strengthens the government’s ability to defend our national interests in the world economy.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Understanding

	7.	African Americans and Latinos
a.	express greater levels of trust in government than whites.	
b.	express the same level of trust in government as whites.	
c.	express lower levels of trust in government than whites.	
d.	almost always express “no opinion” when asked whether they trust the government.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Remembering

	8.	The belief that citizens can influence what government does is called
a.	political efficacy.	c.	popular sovereignty.	
b.	political saliency.	d.	autocracy.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Remembering

	9.	Since 1960, Americans’ sense of political efficacy has
a.	increased considerably.	
b.	decreased considerably.	
c.	remained relatively constant.	
d.	had no effect on the quality of American democracy.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Understanding

	10.	A decline in political efficacy is likely to lead to
a.	an increase in political participation and a renewed interest in political life.	
b.	a decline in political participation and a withdrawal from political life.	
c.	less dishonesty by elected representatives.	
d.	a stronger belief in the values of liberty and equality.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Understanding

	11.	Generally speaking, in order to be a good citizen in the United States, it is most critical to have
a.	a lot of corporate connections.	
b.	significant resources, such as money.	
c.	knowledge of the American political system.	
d.	strongly held convictions.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Understanding

	12.	Citizenship refers to
a.	the process of providing passive consent for government’s activities.	
b.	the act of paying taxes to the government.	
c.	informed and active membership in a political community.	
d.	receiving benefits from government programs.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Remembering

	13.	It is important for Americans to have political knowledge so that they will
a.	be able to determine who belongs and who doesn’t belong.	
b.	be better able to assess their own interests when making political choices.	
c.	be better able to judge the legitimacy of other nations.	
d.	feel a stronger sense of patriotism.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Understanding

	14.	In order to increase political efficacy, it is necessary to
a.	increase political knowledge.	c.	reduce political participation.	
b.	decrease political knowledge.	d.	eliminate trust in government.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Understanding

	15.	Democracy functions best when
a.	less than a majority of citizens vote in every election.	
b.	citizens are informed.	
c.	all candidates for office are highly educated.	
d.	all candidates for office are wealthy.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Understanding

	16.	“Digital citizenship” is
a.	the ability to participate in society online.	
b.	the constitutional right to vote in federal elections using the Internet.	
c.	a new government program designed to deliver daily legislative updates to citizens via email.	
d.	the federal government’s recent initiative to allow immigrants to complete citizenship forms electronically.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Remembering

	17.	The “digital divide” refers to the fact that
a.	email has become one of the primary ways that Americans follow politics in the last 20 years.	
b.	Democrats and Republicans rely on very different sources of information online.	
c.	news websites rarely provide links to other news websites.	
d.	some groups are excluded from online participation in society.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Remembering

	18.	Government is best defined as the
a.	institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled.	
b.	set of political principles and values that guide political life.	
c.	means by which wealth is redistributed.	
d.	invisible hand that turns private interests into public goods.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled     	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government
MSC:	Remembering		

	19.	A government that is not constrained by legal limits and also seeks to eliminate any challenges to its authority is known as a(n) ________ government.
a.	authoritarian	c.	democratic	
b.	totalitarian	d.	republican	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	20.	The willingness to be restrained by the power of social institutions, but not political or legal institutions, is a hallmark of a(n) ________ regime.
a.	totalitarian	c.	democratic	
b.	authoritarian	d.	monarchic	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	21.	What is the main benefit of a constitutional government?
a.	The government is limited by the rule of law.	
b.	The government will distribute social goods equally.	
c.	The government is stable.	
d.	The government will produce high levels of economic growth.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled      	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government
MSC:	Remembering		

	22.	A government that is formally limited by laws and rules is called
a.	democratic.	c.	oligarchic.	
b.	constitutional.	d.	totalitarian.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	23.	Approximately ________ percent of the world’s population currently lives in a constitutional democracy.
a.	95	c.	62	
b.	78	d.	43	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	24.	The ________ was the key group in Europe that pushed for limited government.
a.	bourgeoisie	c.	peasantry	
b.	gendarmes	d.	Socialist Party	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	25.	Having some share or say in the composition of a government’s leadership, how it is organized, or what its policies are going to be is called
a.	government.	c.	autocracy.	
b.	power.	d.	federalism.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	26.	Direct democracy is best defined as
a.	the system of government run by one person.	
b.	a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies.	
c.	the competition between interest groups for governmental power.	
d.	a system that allows citizens to elect representatives who play a significant role in governmental decision making.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	27.	A representative democracy is a system of government that
a.	allows citizens to vote directly on laws and policies.	
b.	allows citizens to make, veto, or judge statutes personally.	
c.	gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect top government officials.	
d.	gives citizens the ability to debate important constitutional decisions.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	28.	Prior to the eighteenth century,
a.	governments were primarily democratic.	
b.	governments rarely sought the support of their people.	
c.	most governments were based on respect for the rule of law.	
d.	autocracies were extremely rare.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	29.	The demand that there be no taxation without representation is a good example of what political reform of the eighteenth century?
a.	the decline of popular influence on government	
b.	more popular influence on government	
c.	the decline in citizenship	
d.	the spread of autocracy	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	30.	What major legal and political changes led to the rise of constitutional government in the West?
a.	legal limits on government and the right of more people to vote	
b.	the right of revolution and the spread of socialism	
c.	debt relief for the poor and the right of average citizens to hold office	
d.	the growth in ethnic and religious diversity	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	31.	After the Civil War, Republicans attempted to ________ in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.
a.	disenfranchise newly freed slaves	
b.	enfranchise newly freed slaves	
c.	disenfranchise all property-owning whites	
d.	enfranchise women	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	32.	The bourgeoisie sought to change which of the following institutions into an instrument of political participation?
a.	monarchies	c.	newspapers	
b.	universities	d.	parliaments	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	33.	________ described politics as “who gets what, when, and how.”
a.	James Madison	c.	Harold Lasswell	
b.	Abraham Lincoln	d.	John Locke	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	34.	Politics can be defined as
a.	conflicts over the character, membership, and policies of any organization to which people belong.	
b.	the informal, private organizations through which a land and its people are ruled.	
c.	a hierarchically structured organization that is designed to distribute labor among several different groups of people.	
d.	a line-and-staff organization that is designed to facilitate control over complex social arrangements.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	35.	The goal of politics is to
a.	get as much power as possible in order to serve one’s own interests.	
b.	construct a perfect constitutional order.	
c.	construct a political system that is conducive to economic growth.	
d.	have a say in a government’s leadership, organization, and policies.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Understanding		

	36.	Which of the following is an instrument of direct democracy?
a.	the electoral college	c.	ballot initiatives	
b.	litigation	d.	social media	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	37.	Which of the following statements best describes direct democracy in the United States?
a.	Every state and local government allows direct democracy but the federal government does not.	
b.	The federal government allows direct democracy but state and local governments do not.	
c.	Some state and local governments allow direct democracy but the federal government does not.	
d.	Direct democracy does not exist in the United States.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	38.	Although the United States is a(n) ________ at the federal level, there are provisions for ________ democracy at the state and local levels.
a.	direct democracy; representative	c.	oligarchic government; direct	
b.	representative democracy; direct	d.	oligarchic government; representative	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	39.	Which of the following is an example of the process of direct democracy?
a.	citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through a popular referendum	
b.	a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads	
c.	a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes	
d.	a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Applying

	40.	Why did the Progressives support women’s suffrage in the early twentieth century?
a.	The Progressives were dominated by women.	
b.	The Progressives believed women would support their reform movement.	
c.	The Progressives needed to develop a voting bloc to check and limit upper-class northerners.	
d.	The Progressives needed to develop a voting bloc to check and limit lower-class southerners.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Understanding		

	41.	At the time of the founding of the republic, approximately ____ percent of non–Native American inhabitants of the thirteen states were of European ancestry.
a.	25	c.	65	
b.	50	d.	80	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	42.	Which of the following statements about the changes in American society between 1900 and 2010 is true?
a.	There has been an increase in the percentage of Americans who identify themselves as Protestants.	
b.	The average age of Americans has increased.	
c.	There has been a decrease in the percentage of Americans who live in urban areas.	
d.	There has been a decrease in the percentage of Americans who identify as multiracial.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	43.	The National Origins quota system
a.	allowed a large quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but only a small quota of new immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.	
b.	allowed only a small quota of new immigrants from northern European countries but a large quota of immigrants from eastern and southern European countries.	
c.	allowed the same quota of new immigrants from every country around the world.	
d.	outlawed all immigration from European countries.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	44.	The foreign-born population in the United States reached an all-time low of 5 percent in 1970 because the
a.	Constitution was amended to eliminate naturalization and provide citizenship only to people born within the United States.	
b.	federal government chose to deport nearly all foreign-born residents after World War II.	
c.	struggling American economy made the United States an unattractive destination for most immigrants.	
d.	National Origins quota system placed strong restrictions on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Understanding		

	45.	Immigrants from Asian countries were
a.	allowed to enter the country in unlimited numbers by a 1924 Supreme Court decision.	
b.	not mentioned in any federal law prior to 1973.	
c.	strongly recruited to the United States by the federal government between 1882 and 1943.	
d.	largely prohibited from entering the United States prior to the 1940s.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	46.	Which of the following statements is true?
a.	Native Americans have always been recognized as citizens of the United States.	
b.	Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1868.	
c.	Native Americans became U.S. citizens in 1924.	
d.	Native Americans have never become U.S. citizens under American constitutional law.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	47.	Which of the following statements best describes naturalization laws in the United States prior to 1870?
a.	All free people could become naturalized citizens after living in the country for at least five years.	
b.	Only free whites could become naturalized citizens.	
c.	Only freed African American slaves could become naturalized citizens.	
d.	Only Native Americans could become naturalized citizens.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Applying

	48.	About ____ percent of the American adult population identifies with the Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish faiths.
a.	15	c.	55	
b.	35	d.	75	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	49.	There are approximately ____ million people living in the United States without legal authorization and the majority of these people are from ________.
a.	2; Mexico and Central America	c.	12; Mexico and Central America	
b.	6; Mexico and Central America	d.	12; Asia and Africa	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	50.	How does the U.S. Constitution create a system that underrepresents urban areas?
a.	It provides representation based on population in the U.S. House of Representatives.	
b.	It provides each state with two U.S. senators, regardless of population.	
c.	It requires federal officials to spend the same amount of money in rural and urban areas of the country.	
d.	It requires that federal officials impose higher taxes on people living in urban areas of the country.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Understanding		

	51.	Which of the following statements about the United States census is most accurate?
a.	The census has always counted every person living within the boundaries of the United States, regardless of race or ethnicity.	
b.	The census has always categorized people in one of five racial groups: Native Americans, Latino Americans, African Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Asian Americans.	
c.	Whom census officials count and how they are categorized by race and ethnicity have changed significantly throughout American history.	
d.	The current census does not allow a person to identify himself or herself as a member of more than one racial group.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Understanding		

	52.	During the last 50 years, the American population has
a.	not experienced any regional shifts.	
b.	shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.	
c.	shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.	
d.	shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Remembering		

	53.	Which of the following best describes the history of income inequality in the United States?
a.	The New Deal of the 1930s created massive income inequality that dramatically increased the share of annual national income going to the top 1 percent.	
b.	Income inequality has remained relatively constant throughout American history, with the top 1 percent accounting for approximately 10 percent of national income.	
c.	In 1976, the top 1 percent accounted for less than 10 percent of annual national income.	
d.	The top 1 percent has never accounted for at least 10 percent of annual national income.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—The Identity of Americans Has Changed over Time	
OBJ:	Show how the social composition of the American population has changed over time
MSC:	Applying

	54.	The belief that political authority should rest with the people themselves is called
a.	political equality.	c.	popular sovereignty.	
b.	pluralism.	d.	federalism.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Remembering		

	55.	The right of each citizen to vote is an example of
a.	equality of opportunity.	c.	political equality.	
b.	equality of result.	d.	educational opportunity.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Remembering		

	56.	Throughout American history, the concept of liberty has been linked to the idea of
a.	privacy.	c.	unlimited government.	
b.	limited government.	d.	economic equality.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Remembering		

	57.	The essential documents of the American founding are the ________ and the ________.
a.	Declaration of Independence; Constitution	
b.	Declaration of Independence; Magna Carta	
c.	Constitution; Magna Carta	
d.	Constitution; Mayflower Compact	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Remembering		

	58.	“One person, one vote” reflects the principle of
a.	political equality.	c.	majority rule.	
b.	equality of opportunity.	d.	popular sovereignty.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Remembering		

	59.	________ are the three core values in American politics.
a.	Liberty, equality, and democracy	
b.	Democracy, patriotism, and the rule of law	
c.	Equality, oligarchy, and free enterprise	
d.	Anarchy, equality, and patriotism	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	60.	In American political culture, economic freedom is most closely linked to the idea of
a.	job security.	c.	the absence of income taxes.	
b.	capitalism.	d.	a government-controlled stock market.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	61.	The existence of slavery in the United States is a good example of how
a.	American values are not always reflected in practice.	
b.	Americans have never valued liberty.	
c.	European ideals have influenced American political culture.	
d.	political needs are often placed above economic needs.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Applying

	62.	The fact that the tax code in the United States is more advantageous to wealthy citizens than that of almost any other Western nation supports the claim that Americans
a.	strongly reject the ideal of popular sovereignty.	
b.	strongly endorse the ideal of equality of opportunity.	
c.	generally tolerate economic inequality.	
d.	believe in majority rule with minority rights.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	63.	The Bill of Rights was designed to protect
a.	equality.	c.	democracy.	
b.	liberty.	d.	capitalism.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	64.	Which of the following statements best describes how Americans currently feel about laissez-faire capitalism?
a.	Americans strongly support capitalism and economic liberty and reject all restrictions on economic freedom.	
b.	Americans strongly support capitalism and economic liberty but also endorse policies that are designed to guarantee economic equality among all citizens.	
c.	Americans strongly support capitalism and economic liberty but also endorse some restrictions on economic freedoms to protect the public.	
d.	Americans strongly oppose capitalism and economic liberty and endorse some restrictions on economic freedoms to protect the public.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Applying

	65.	Individual political rights are a protection against
a.	pluralism.	c.	the tyranny of the minority.	
b.	the tyranny of the majority.	d.	socialism.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Applying

	66.	What is the most important check on majority rule in the United States?
a.	popular sovereignty	
b.	the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights	
c.	laissez-faire capitalism	
d.	“one person, one vote”	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	67.	Which of the following statements concerning political values in the United States is most accurate?
a.	American values often conflict with each other in practice.	
b.	Because of their diversity, Americans do not share a similar set of core political values.	
c.	The origins of American political values are found in the 1960s.	
d.	American politics relies on its value neutrality.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Applying

	68.	The U.S. House of Representatives was designed to
a.	ensure minority rights.	
b.	ensure majority rule.	
c.	be the least democratic chamber of Congress.	
d.	protect the rights of citizens who belong to third parties.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

ESSAY

	1.	Political analysts have identified a significant change in the American public’s level of trust in government over the last 50 years. Describe the direction of this change and discuss some of the recent events that have led Americans to reevaluate their feelings toward government. Is there any reason to be worried about how much trust citizens have in their government?

ANS:	
There are three components to this question.
a.   The direction of changes in trust: The public’s trust in government has declined dramatically over the last 50 years, from three-quarters of Americans saying they trust government in the 1960s to 19 percent of Americans expressing this view in 2013. Trust in government did increase momentarily, however, after the September 11 attacks. 
b.   Recent events driving change: A number of recent events have led to increasing levels of distrust, including revelations about the faulty information that led to the Iraq War, the unsatisfactory management of the Iraq War between 2004 and 2007, congressional debates over raising the national debt limit in 2011, and threats to shut down the federal government in 2013. 
c.   Reasons to be worried about trust in government: Low levels of trust can have negative consequences for the country, such as the public refusing to pay adequate taxes, the government having difficulty in attracting talented and effective workers to public service, and the country being unable to defend its economic and national security interests.

DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Government Affects Our Lives Every Day
OBJ:	Explore Americans’ attitudes toward government	MSC:	Analyzing

	2.	What does it mean to be a citizen and how has our ideal of citizenship been influenced by the ancient Greeks? How important is political knowledge to citizenship?

ANS:	
There are two components to this question. 
a.   Defining citizenship: Citizenship means informed and active membership in a political community. As understood by the ancient Greeks, citizenship goes beyond voting. A good citizen must be politically engaged and have the knowledge needed to participate in political debate. Put differently, in the contemporary United States and in ancient Greece, citizenship means enlightened political engagement. 
b.   Importance of political knowledge: Citizens need political knowledge in order to identify and assess their political interests. They also need knowledge in order to know when and how to act on their interests. Finally, citizens need political knowledge to ascertain what they cannot or should not ask of government.

DIF:	Moderate	REF:	CH01—Citizenship Is Based on Political Knowledge and Participation
OBJ:	Describe the role of the citizen in politics		MSC:	Understanding

	3.	There are many types of governments in the world today. What characteristics do political scientists use to distinguish between different types of government? What are the defining characteristics of a democracy? What are the defining characteristics of a constitutional government, an authoritarian government, and a totalitarian government?

ANS:	
There are three components to this question. 
a.   Distinguishing between types of governments: Political scientists ask two questions when attempting to distinguish between different types of government: Who governs? And how much government control is permitted?
b.   Defining democracy: A democracy is a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials. 
c.   Defining constitutional, authoritarian, and totalitarian government: These forms of government relate to how much control is permitted. A constitutional government is a system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of the government. An authoritarian government is a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions. A totalitarian government is a system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it.

DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—Government Is Made Up of the Institutions and Procedures by Which People Are Ruled	OBJ:	Define government and forms of government	
MSC:	Remembering		

	4.	Although equality is an essential element of American political culture, there is little agreement on exactly what it means and how to best achieve it. What are some of the different meanings of equality and why has it been hard for Americans to reach consensus on questions of equality?

ANS:	
There are two components to this question. 
a.   Different meanings of equality: Few Americans embrace the ideal of full equality of results, but most share the ideal of equality of opportunity—that is, the notion that each person should be given a fair chance to go as far as his or her talents will allow. Americans make clear distinctions between political equality and social or economic equality. Political equality means that members of the American political community have the right to participate in politics on equal terms (i.e., “one person, one vote”). Americans have always been less concerned about social or economic inequality and less supportive of government efforts to redress these kinds of inequalities. 
b.   Difficulty of reaching consensus: It has been difficult for Americans to reach an agreement on what constitutes equality of opportunity. Must a group’s past inequalities be remedied in order to ensure equal opportunity in the present? Should inequalities in the legal, political, and economic spheres be given the same weight? In contrast to liberty, which requires limits on the role of government, equality implies an obligation of the government to the people.

DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding		

	5.	No ideal is more central to American values than liberty. Discuss what Americans mean by liberty and some of the ways that this conception has changed over time.

ANS:	
There are two components to this question. 
a.   What Americans mean by liberty: For Americans, liberty means personal freedom and economic freedom. Both are linked to the idea of limited government and the word liberty has come to mean many of the freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights: freedom of speech, the right to assemble, and the right to practice religious beliefs without interference from the government.
b.   How liberty has changed over time: The central historical conflict regarding liberty in the United States was about the enslavement of blacks. Over the course of American history, the scope of personal liberties has expanded. Far fewer restrictions exist today on the press, political speech, and individual moral behavior than in the early years of the nation.

DIF:	Moderate	
REF:	CH01—America Is Built on the Ideas of Liberty, Equality, and Democracy
OBJ:	Analyze whether the U.S. system of government upholds American political values
MSC:	Understanding